Struggling with grammar? Learning how to identify dependent clauses is key to mastering complex sentences. In this guide, we’ll break down what dependent clauses are, show clear dependent clause examples, and explain how they differ from independent clauses.
By the end, you’ll be able to:
✅ Spot dependent clauses in any sentence
✅ Understand the difference between dependent and independent clauses
✅ Use them correctly in your writing
✅ Avoid common mistakes with types of dependent clauses
What is a Dependent Clause? Definition
A dependent clause definition is simple: it’s a group of words with a subject and verb that can’t stand alone. These clauses (also called subordinate clauses) rely on independent clauses to form complete sentences.
Key characteristics:
- Contains a subject + verb (“when she arrived”)
- Begins with a subordinating conjunction (because, if, when) or relative pronoun (who, which, that)
- Leaves the reader waiting for more information
Dependent clause example:
✘ “Because I was hungry” (Incomplete thought)
✔ “Because I was hungry, I ate a snack.” (Complete sentence)
How to Identify Dependent Clauses: 3 Simple Methods
Learning how to identify dependent clauses is easier when you know what to look for. Here are three foolproof techniques:
1. Look for Subordinating Conjunctions
These words often signal the start of dependent clauses in sentences:
- Time: when, before, after, while, since
- Cause/effect: because, since, so that
- Condition: if, unless, although
Examples:
- “We’ll leave when the rain stops.”
- “She succeeded because she practiced daily.”
2. Spot Relative Pronouns
Words like who, whom, whose, which, and that introduce adjective dependent clauses:
- “The book that I borrowed is fascinating.”
- “Students who study hard get better grades.”
3. Check for Incompleteness
If the clause leaves you asking “What happened next?”, it’s dependent:
- “Although he tried…” (Fragment – needs more)
- “Before the concert begins…” (What happens then?)
Types of Dependent Clauses with Examples
How to Identify Dependent Clauses by Their Function
Each type plays a different role in sentences. Recognizing these patterns makes it easier to identify dependent clauses in your writing:
- Adverb Clauses
- Modify verbs: “She cried when she heard the news.”
- Adjective Clauses
- Describe nouns: “The cake that you baked smells amazing.”
- Noun Clauses
- Act as subjects/objects: “What you said surprised everyone.”
Want to dive deeper?
For a more detailed breakdown of each type, check out our full guide:
👉 3 Types of Dependent Clauses You Need to Know
(This explains adjective, adverb, and noun clauses with even more examples!)
How to Identify Dependent Clauses in Action
Test your skills with these mixed examples. Ask:
- Does it start with a subordinating word?
- Can it stand alone? If not, it’s dependent!
Common Mistakes with Dependent Clauses
❌ Fragment Error
Using a dependent clause as a complete sentence:
- Wrong: “Although she was tired.”
- Right: “Although she was tired, she kept working.”
❌ Comma Misuse
Forgetting commas with non-essential clauses:
- Wrong: “My brother who lives in Paris is visiting.”
- Right: “My brother, who lives in Paris, is visiting.”
FAQ: Common Questions About Dependent Clauses
Q: What’s the difference between dependent and independent clauses?
A: Independent clauses can stand alone as sentences, while dependent clauses cannot (e.g., “After I left” vs. “I left”).
Q: Can a sentence have two dependent clauses?
A: Yes! Example: “Because I was tired when I got home, I went to bed.