Have you encountered sentences that add extra information about a noun without starting a new sentence? These often involve relative clauses. Relative clauses are an essential part of English grammar, adding depth and clarity to our writing.
What is a relative clause, and how do you use it in a sentence?
A relative clause is a type of dependent clause that modifies a noun or pronoun. It provides more information about the noun it follows, answering questions like “Which one?” or “What kind?”
Relative clauses are used to clarify, define, or describe the noun they modify.
| Relative clauses begin with relative pronouns such as: who (for people) whom (for people, formal) whose (shows possession) which (for things) that (for people or things |
Examples of Relative Clauses
Here are some examples to illustrate:
- The book that I borrowed is fascinating.
- Relative clause: “that I borrowed” modifies “book.”
- She is the artist who painted the mural.
- Relative clause: “who painted the mural” modifies “artist.”
- The house, which is over 100 years old, is being renovated.
- Relative clause: “which is over 100 years old” modifies “house.”
- The girl who lives next door is my best friend.
- Relative clause: “who lives next door” provides more details about “the girl.”
How to identify Relative Clauses in sentences
Some sentences have relative clauses, while others don’t. Let’s analyze:
- The car that has a flat tire is parked outside.
- Yes, this contains a relative clause: “that has a flat tire.”
- I saw a dog playing in the park.
- No, this does not contain a relative clause.
Click here for detailed understanding of how to identify relative clauses in sentences
Restrictive vs. Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses
Relative clauses can be restrictive or nonrestrictive, and understanding the difference is vital.
Restrictive Relative Clauses
These are essential to the meaning of the sentence. They provide critical information about the noun and are not set off by commas.
- Example: The student who studies hardest usually succeeds.
- Without “who studies hardest,” the sentence loses its key meaning.
Nonrestrictive Relative Clauses
These add extra information that isn’t essential to the main idea. They are set off by commas.
- Example: My dog, who loves to play fetch, is very friendly.
- Even without “who loves to play fetch,” the sentence still makes sense.
Click here for what is the difference between restrictive and nonrestrictive relative clauses.
Relative clauses are powerful tools for making your writing more precise and engaging. By mastering restrictive and nonrestrictive clauses, you can communicate your ideas more effectively and add detail where it matters.
Do you have a favorite sentence using a relative clause? Share it in the comments below!